Fundamental consideration of role concepts for ontology. Input for this task will be the prior knowledge of uva on lricore, a legal core ontology. The legal knowledge interchange format lkif was developed in the european estrella project and was designed with the goal of becoming a standard for representing and interchanging policy, legislation and cases, including their justificatory arguments, in the legal domain. Owl ontology of basic legal concepts lkif core, deliverable ist2004027655, university of amsterdam, january 2007. The book will thus interest researchers in legal informatics, artificial intelligence and law, legal theory, legal philosophy, legal sociology, comparative law, as well as developers of applications based on the intelligent management of legal information, in both ecommerce and egovernment eadministration, ejustice, edemocracy. In particular, the consequences of the knowledge representation perspective are discussed in the relation between lkif core and existing ontologies.
Pdf the lkif core ontology of basic legal concepts. Modeling expert knowledge in the mediation domain 21 1. Ios press frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications, 1998, 1928. Section 7 describes informally a basic schema for the integration and unification of information where the term information covers all forms of information, from.
He is the developer of the metalex document server, the principal author of the lkif core ontology of basic legal concepts, and one of the initial developers of the metalex xml format for legal sources. Pdf in this paper we describe a legal core ontology that is part of the legal. They too are abstract objects, where different tokens of the same belief involve numerically the same concepts. This is the core model for representing things such as people, places, events, organisations and themes in the bbc.
Legal informatics therefore, pertains to the application of informatics within the. On the interactional meaning of fundamental legal concepts. Conference paper pdf available in frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications 1881. It covers both theory and practice of knowledge acquisition, representation and ontologies. Metaphysics most basic postulates what heidegger calls the fundamental metaphysical positions endeavour to establish a truth about the totality of beings as such n3 187nii 258ga50 4. The ontology is built around dolcebased core legal ontology and lricore, which makes it likely to be aligned with the ontology presented in this paper. Formal ontology is concerned with the systematic development of axiomatic theories describing forms, modes, and views of being of the world at different levels of abstraction and granularity. The lkif core on tology of basic legal concepts rink e ho ekstra, jo ost breuk er, marcello di bello, alexander bo er l eibniz center for l aw, university of a mster dam. Ontology is defined as partial specification of conceptual vocabulary used for formulating knowledgelevel theories about a domain of discourse. Extensions define subclasses to specific financial and regulatory data. An owl ontology library representing judicial interpretations. Heideggers formal analysis of this core content kerngehalt of metaphysics leads him to a surprising discovery. A normative agentbased model for sharing data in secure trustworthy digital market places. The estrella project brought the development of a legal knowledge interchange language lkif,boer et al.
Ios press ebooks ontology representation design patterns. Mediation of foundation ontology based knowledge sources. To construct legal ontologies and rulebased methods, legal analysis by collaboration between legal experts and knowledge engineers should be preceded. It is a concept primarily characterised by a structure of processes or actions, rather than inherent properties, but has a strong ontological flavour. Legal informatics is an area within information science the american library association defines informatics as the study of the structure and properties of information, as well as the application of technology to the organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of information. Semantic scholar extracted view of owl ontology of basic legal concepts lkif core by joost breuker et al. Chapter one of the tutorial introduces ontology web language owl to business and the beginning ontologist. Institute for formal ontology and medical information science, saarland university, 66041 saarbrucken, germany abstract. This paper proposes a general model for designing criminal law ontologies and rules.
Chapter 1 introduction financial regulation ontology. Cyc is a huge knowledge base of commonsense concepts 38. A functional ontology is an ontology of functional concepts in a specific target domain. Chapter 2 an introduction to ontologies and ontology engineering. Principles, standards or qualities considered worthwhile or desirable within a society. For instance, the functional ontology of law, which is presented as a core ontology, is an epistemological framework that describes the role of law as a control system in society valente, 1995. The lkif core legal ontology is a library of ontologies relevant for the legal domain. We especially focus on roleconcepts 3, 4, 5 and make a fundamental consideration of roleconcepts as important and essential criteria for ontology evaluation. And, by a basic concept, we mean the other concept which can be. The second is that concepts are mental representations or some other type of psychological entities. In section 6 the notions of core ontology and upper domain ontologies are discussed. And finally all these ontology components are connected through relations. The example black rock manages emerging markets etf is a good introduction to fibo. Study 37 terms basic legal concepts flashcards quizlet.
Lkif builds on and uses the web ontology language owl for representing concepts. Chapter 2 an introduction to ontologies and ontology. Ontologybased approach for legal provision retrieval. This is especially important in regards to the web because it offers the hope of organizing the web by meanings, not just by matching strings of characters. Lkif core adds an ontology containing definitions of basic legal concepts. Formal ontology integrates aspects of philosophy, formal logic, artificial. An ontology describes the concepts in the domain and also the relationships that hold between those concepts.
Protein is a concept within the domain of molecular biology. For example, if we focus on concepts, which are one of the main components of. Finally, chapter 7 brings together chapters 3 and 6 in a confronta. Owl is part of the lkif knowledge representation formalisms for building and exchanging legal knowledge bases see boer et al. Almost every conference or book on legal information systems covers. A practical guide to building owl ontologies using the prot. In this paper we describe a legal core ontology that is part of a generic architecture for legal knowledge systems, which will enable the interchange of knowledge between existing legal knowledge systems. Ontology engineering with ontology design patterns.
Certainly, there is precedent work on ontology design within related domains, namely the ecommerce. There are roughly three major positions on concept ontology. Getting started continues with stepbystep instructions for ontology editor, protege and query tools looking at legal ontology classes. Owl ontology of basic legal concepts lkifcore, deliverable ist2004027655, university of amsterdam, january 2007. An ontologybased platform to collaboratively manage. Legal concepts are not discrete, but make up a dynamic continuum between common sense terms, specific technical use, and professional knowledge, in an evolving institutional reality. Lkifcore adds an ontology containing definitions of basic legal concepts.
The most recent development in standard ontology languages is owl from the world wide web consortium. By rinke hoekstra, joost breuker, marcello di bello and alexander boer. Ontology is applied in domains like natural disaster management system, medicine, military intelligence, cooking, enterprise, jobs, agriculture, wikipedia, automobiles and so on. In that sense, the lkif core ontology is rather a library of ontologies relevant for the legal domain than a. Ontologydriven systems with reasoning capabilities in the legal field are now better understood. It consists of 15 modules, each of which describes a set of closely related concepts from both legal and commonsense domains. Basic concepts of formal ontology barry smith from nicola guarino ed. Formal ontology and principles and prospects of knowledge. Ontology alignment establishes the relationship of equivalent concepts in fibo and lkif. The lkif core legal ontology consists of 15 modules, each of which describes a set of closely related concepts from both legal and commonsense domains. In this paper we describe a legal core ontology that is part of a generic architecture for legal knowledge systems, which will enable the interchange of knowledge. The ontology forms the core of the knowledge base, the simulation.
The most basic role of ontologies is to provide a view of what a domain. Proceedings of the 10th international conference on agents and artificial intelligence icaart 2018, 1, pp. Lkif core proceedings of the 2009 conference on law, ontologies. In that sense, the lkif core ontology is rather a library of ontologies relevant for the legal domain than a monolithic body of definitions.
The basic formal ontology bfo is a small, upper level ontology that is designed for use in supporting information retrieval, analysis and integration in scientific and other domains. Thus, the tension between a plural understanding of regulations and a more. Debates on the ontology of concepts focus on what sorts of things they are. A practical guide to building owl ontologies using the. First, we introduce the superdomain ontology that contains the common characteristics of criminal law. These rules can be particularly useful for domain ontologies requiring some kind of traceability of their concepts in the foundation ontology. Legal knowledge is based upon these commonsense concepts. System of resolving legal conflicts that relies on the skill of representatives for each side who present their cases to an impartial decision maker courts of equity historically, courts whose decisions were more discretionary and based on moral principles, and which served as an antidote to the flexibility of the common law. Set of rules imposed on all members of a community, which are recognised binding and enforceable by persons on organisations such as the police. In this sense the yellow pages in a phone book is an instantiation of an ontology. Thus it does not contain physical, chemical, biological or other terms which would properly fall within the coverage domains of. The term formal ontology was first used by the philosopher edmund. Input for this task will be the prior knowledge of uva on lri core, a legal core ontology.
Joost breuker, rinke hoekstra, alexander boer eds and. The financial regulation ontology fro extends and aligns the two domain reference ontologies. Possible differences in the use of concepts from the core concepts to model entities in domain ontologies can be prevented by binding the domain ontology developers to some rules. It enables queries and reasoning across the domains. Lkifcore is intended to enable reuse in the construction of legal knowledge bases and as semantic grounding for the translation of existing knowledge formats into lkif. A recurrent pattern in the representation of actions and processes is the notion of exchange. Lkif core is intended to enable reuse in the construction of legal knowledge bases and as semantic grounding for the translation of existing knowledge formats into lkif. Ios press ebooks legal knowledge and information systems.
Symbols are terms that humans can rapidly understand roughly by reading them. Re 5, we need to be able to represent the notion of content, and hence i a notion of entailment that can hold between ontologies and propositions and ii a notion of the concepts within an ontology. The ontology in 17, in fact, ensures a close relation with the legal text, even though it does not includes axioms that enable shallow reasoning on specific legal phenomena. Pdf owl ontology of basic legal concepts lkifcore semantic. The specification or encoding of an ontology will be explored in section 5. Ontology engineering with ontology design patterns download. By a role concept, we mean a concept of a role which an entity plays in a context.
Pdf the lkif core ontology of basic legal concepts semantic. According to the general requirements for ontologies mentioned in the introduction, the requirements for a functional ontology is obtained as specification of them as follows. The lkif core ontology of basic legal concepts ceur workshop. A manufacturing core concepts ontology for product. A manufacturing core concepts ontology for product lifecycle. The lkif core ontology of basic legal concepts 47 temological frameworks can be more abstract than psms. There is an assumption commonly embraced by ontological engineers, an assumption which has its roots in the discipline of knowledge representation, to the effect that it is concepts which form the subjectmatter of ontology. The core of lkif consists of a combination of owldl and swrl. Editorinchief is robert richards, to whom queries should be directed. The ontology is built around dolcebased core legal ontology and lri core, which makes it likely to be aligned with the ontology presented in this paper.
Ontologies are used to capture knowledge about some domain of interest. The ontology is a specialisation of the lkif core ontology. The main components of an ontology are concepts, relations, instances and axioms. A number of these concepts are used to define frameworks that capture their use in legal reasoning. An ontologybased platform to collaboratively manage supply chains tobias engel tobias.
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